Introduction to AI

What is Intelligence ?

• The ability to learn or understand or acquire the knowledge.
• The ability to carry out abstract thinking.
• Intelligence as a general unified capacity for reasoning, acquiring knowledge and solving problems.

Types of Intelligence

• Linguistic intelligence

• Musical intelligence

• Logical-mathematical intelligence

• Spatial Intelligence

What is AI?

• AI is the ability of a compute or computer software to perform various tasks like human can do.
• AI is a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers.
• AI the capability of a machine to follow or imitate intelligent human behavior.

Types of AI

Based on Ability

1.Narrow AI

• It is also called a weak AI. Narrow AI can implemented on a limited part .
• One well-known example is IBM’s Watson supercomputer, which applies cognitive computing, machine learning and natural language processing to perform as a “question answering” machine.

There are many examples of narrow AI around us every day, represented by devices like Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri, and Cortana. They include:

• Self-driving cars
• Facial recognition tools that tag you in pictures
• Customer service bots that redirect inquiries on a webpage
• Google’s page-ranking technology that determines which websites appear at the top of the search engine
• Recommendation systems showing items that could be useful additions to your shopping cart based on browsing history
• Spam filters that keep your inbox clean through automated sorting

2. General AI

General Artificial intelligence or “Strong” AI refers to machines that exhibit human intelligence. In other words, general AI can successfully perform any intellectual task that a human being can.

3. Super AI

Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom defines super intelligence as

“any intellect that greatly exceeds the cognitive performance of humans in virtually all domains of interest”

Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) will surpass human intelligence in all aspects — from creativity, to general wisdom, to problem-solving. Machines will be capable of exhibiting intelligence that we haven’t seen in the brightest amongst us. This is the type of AI that many people are worried about, and the type of AI that people like Elon Musk think will lead to the extinction of the human race.

Based on Functionality

1.Reactive Machines

These are the oldest forms of AI systems that have extremely limited capability. They emulate the human mind’s ability to respond to different kinds of stimuli. These machines do not have memory-based functionality. This means such machines cannot use previously gained experiences to inform their present actions, i.e., these machines do not have the ability to “learn.” These machines could only be used for automatically responding to a limited set or combination of inputs.

2. Limited Memory

The Limited Memory AI is mostly that type of Artificial Intelligence that is seen which is used widely in the work of automation that is say for example, self driving cars , self working robots etc. ,which are complete in themselves.They work on the static data such as lane traffic ,traffic lights, how to behave with customers at the airport etc.

These types of AI based machines can retain the various data for a very short period of time and hence implement it more effectively in order to automate the desired task which is to be performed respectively.But,one thing to remember here is that,once the data or a set of instructions are set / programmed into them,they cannot change that behavior,because that behavior is fixed and hence they cannot new desires or emotions to their predefined set of library tools.

3.Theory Of Mind